Upturnynge

Part of speech: verb, adjective

Definitions

1. Turning something so that its underside faces up or its top faces down, as when overturning an object
2. Flipping or lifting an object so that it points skyward or ends up inverted
3. Causing a thing to be raised upward or capsized, reversing its normal position

Etymology: "Upturnynge" is a Middle English spelling of a form built from "up" and "turn," the ancestor of today's "upturning." The "-ynge" ending is the Middle English suffix for participles and verbal nouns, which became the modern "-ing." "Up" is native English, from Old English "upp." "Turn" came into English in Old English as "tyrnan," borrowed from Latin "tornare," "to turn on a lathe." That Latin verb came from "tornus," a lathe, which in turn comes from Greek "tornos," a tool for turning or a circle. The rotating motion of the lathe is still the core of the verb.