Unwillingly

Part of speech: adverb

Definitions

1. In a way that demonstrates reluctance and an unwillingness to engage, often showing resistance or disinterest in the action taken
2. Performed without eagerness or a positive attitude, showing hesitation to act
3. Carried out in a manner that reflects hesitation and lack of enthusiasm

Etymology: "Unwillingly" is simply "unwilling" with the adverb ending "-ly" attached, which makes it a plain, transparent formation. "Unwilling" itself combines the negative prefix "un-" with "willing," an Old English-derived adjective meaning ready or inclined to do something. Attaching "-ly" turns the adjective into an adverb describing how an action is done: with reluctance rather than inclination. The source also notes an alternative route, in which "un-" is attached to the adverb "willingly" rather than to the adjective "unwilling." Both paths give the same meaning, so the word needs no special explanation beyond its parts. Its sense has stayed close to the original, with the prefix reversing the idea of willingness and the suffix describing the manner of the act.

Synonyms: reluctantly, grudgingly, involuntarily, disinclinedly, hesitantly

Antonyms: willingly, eagerly, enthusiastically, readily, cheerfully