Tympana

Part of speech: noun

Definitions

1. A pair of curved structures in architecture often positioned above entrance doors or windows
2. Large, circular, or semi-circular surfaces in classical architecture that serve as decorative or structural elements
3. Elements found in architecture that form the space enclosed within an arch, typically embellished with artwork or reliefs

Etymology: The term "tympana" is the plural form of "tympanum," which itself has an intriguing origin tied to both anatomy and architecture. Derived from Latin, "tympanum" initially referred to a drum or a drum-like membrane. This Latin word came from the Greek "τύμπανον" (týmpanon), meaning a drum or tambourine, which likely imitated the sound of drumming. In classical architecture, the word was borrowed to describe the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, framed by a lintel and an arch, often filled with sculptural relief. This architectural usage draws a metaphorical connection to the shape and tautness of a drumhead, evoking the idea of a stretched membrane filling a frame. The anatomical sense of the word relates to the eardrum, a thin membrane in the ear that vibrates in response to sound waves. This use developed from the original meaning of a drum-like object, reflecting the membrane’s function and shape. The term entered English in the late Middle Ages, initially in its anatomical sense, and later broadened to include the architectural meaning. The plural form "tympana" follows the Latin second declension pattern, where "-um" changes to "-a" in the plural. This usage is typical in specialized or scholarly contexts, especially in art history and classical studies, where the Latin plural is preferred over the anglicized "tympanums." Thus, the word elegantly connects the physical world of sound and music with visual art and architecture, tracing back to an ancient sound-producing instrument that inspired both anatomical terminology and artistic design.