Surtout

Part of speech: noun

Definitions

1. A distinctive overgarment, often worn for warmth or fashion, typically buttoned and long in style
2. Referring to a type of coat or cloak that serves as an outer layer for added elegance or protection against the elements
3. Designated as a formal topcoat, usually characterized by a fitted silhouette and utilized for various formal occasions

Etymology: In the 17th century, the word in question emerged in French as a garment term, describing a type of overcoat. Its formation is quite literal: derived from the French components "sur," meaning "over," and "tout," meaning "all" or "everything." Thus, it literally referred to a coat worn "over all" other clothing, emphasizing its role as an outermost layer providing additional warmth or protection. This term entered the English lexicon during the 18th century, retaining its original meaning as a heavy overcoat worn over regular attire. The usage was especially common in formal or military contexts, where an extra layer was necessary against harsh weather conditions. Over time, however, the garment itself fell out of fashion, and the word gradually became archaic in English, though it persisted longer in French. The straightforward composition of the term, combining a preposition and an adjective, is typical of French clothing terminology, where practicality often guided naming. The influence of French fashion and language on English during the 17th and 18th centuries explains how such a term crossed linguistic borders. Today, the word is primarily of historical interest, evoking images of stately dress and the layered fashions of earlier centuries.