Shoven

Part of speech: verb

Definitions

1. A past participle form meaning pushed forcefully by applying pressure ; being driven or thrust ahead ; having been moved or urged forward, typically with some degree of force
2. Having been propelled or advanced by exerting force ; referring to something that has been impelled ahead ; describing an object or person that was subjected to pushing
3. Signifying that something has been pressed ahead using strength ; indicating advancement by being thrust or urged on ; reflecting a state of being moved forward by an external push

Etymology: "Shoven" is simply the past participle of "shove", so its history is that of the verb. "Shove" comes from Middle English "schouven", which descended from Old English "sċūfan", and the Old English form in turn goes back to a Proto-Germanic root ""skeubaną". That root has cousins across the Germanic languages: German "schieben", Dutch "schuiven", and Danish "skubbe" all carry the same basic sense of pushing along. The verb's ancestry reaches further still, to a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European root ""skewbʰ-", and its relatives extend beyond the Germanic branch. Lithuanian "skùbti" means "to hurry", a sense that sits close to forceful forward motion, while Polish "skubać" means "to pluck".