Ophthalmia

Part of speech: noun

Pronunciation: /ɒfˈθælmiə/

Definitions

1. A pathological state involving inflammation affecting the ocular structure that leads to redness and discomfort in the eye region
2. An abnormal eye condition featuring swelling and irritation which can affect vision and cause significant discomfort
3. A medical condition characterized by swelling and inflammation of the tissues within or surrounding the eye resulting in redness and pain

Etymology: The Greek word "ophthalmos" simply meant "eye," and "ophthalmia" was once a name for any inflammation of the eye, a clinical label built on that everyday noun. Its route into English ran through Medieval Latin "obtalmia" and Old French "obtalmie," and the spelling was later corrected back toward the Greek. Earlier English had an older form, "obtalmy," which covered eye inflammation and also, at times, long-sightedness, meaning difficulty seeing close objects. Writers borrowed the classical spelling to make the medical term look like its Greek source. The word's meaning has narrowed over time. Ophthalmia now refers specifically to a severe, inflamed eye condition marked by swelling and irritation, and it can threaten sight if untreated. The Greek root survives in many modern eye terms, such as "ophthalmologist," the doctor who treats the eye.