Katabolisms

Part of speech: noun

Definitions

1. Processes in living organisms involved in breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones to release energy ; metabolic pathways that degrade biomolecules to produce energy and maintain cellular functions ; catabolic reactions that convert large substrates into smaller products while liberating energy for biological use
2. Biological mechanisms where large compounds are decomposed into smaller components releasing energy ; series of chemical reactions converting complex nutrients to simpler forms to generate energy ; cellular processes that break down molecules to supply energy and raw materials for the body
3. Metabolic activities that degrade macromolecules into smaller units to free energy stored in chemical bonds ; biochemistry of breaking down nutrients to simpler products to power physiological functions ; energy-releasing pathways where complex substances are converted into basic molecules within organisms

Etymology: "Katabolisms" is the plural of "katabolism," a biological term for the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones to release energy. The noun comes from Greek "katabolē," meaning "a throwing down," which is built from "kata" (down) and "ballein" (to throw). The biological sense is a modern scientific coinage made from these classical parts. Ancient Greek writers did not use it for cellular chemistry. Its meaning follows the literal sense of its parts: large molecules are thrown down into smaller pieces. English dictionaries more commonly spell it "catabolism," and the plural form is used mainly when discussing several distinct processes.

Synonyms: catabolism, breakdown, decomposition, metabolic breakdown, disintegration

Antonyms: anabolism, synthesis, construction, building up, formation