Enthymeme

Part of speech: noun

Pronunciation: /ˈɛnθɪˌmiːm/

Definitions

  1. A logical construct where an argument is formed by implying a premise instead of explicitly stating it, prompting the audience to deduce the missing element and engage with the reasoning
  2. This device omits a premise, effectively inviting listeners or readers to infer an unspoken assumption that connects the conclusion to the argument
  3. A rhetorical strategy that presents an argument by leaving out a premise, thereby requiring the audience to mentally fill in the gap to understand the reasoning

Etymology: The concept behind this term traces back to classical rhetoric, where it described a kind of truncated syllogism used in persuasive speech. Ancient Greek rhetoricians coined it to denote an argument that omits one premise, relying on the audience's ability to fill in the missing piece. This rhetorical shortcut made reasoning more direct and engaging, as it invited listeners to participate in the logical process rather than passively receive a fully spelled-out argument. The word itself stems from the Greek "enthymēma," which is related to "enthymētos," meaning "thought in the mind" or "implied." The root combines "en," meaning "in," and "thymos," which can be interpreted as "mind" or "spirit." Thus, the term literally suggests something held or stirred within the mind, reflecting how the argument is partially internalized and not fully expressed aloud. Dating back to at least the 16th century in English usage, the word was borrowed directly from Latin "enthymema," which in turn took it from Greek. It was introduced into English scholarly and rhetorical discourse as part of a broader revival of classical learning during the Renaissance. The term retained much of its original meaning, emphasizing a form of argument that is persuasive precisely because it trusts the audience's reasoning capacity. Unlike a formal syllogism, which states every premise explicitly, this rhetorical device strategically leaves out a premise that is presumed to be obvious or accepted by the audience. This omission creates a conversational and effective mode of argumentation that can be more compelling than rigid logic. The evolution of the word thus mirrors a shift from strict logical formality to a more dynamic and audience-centered approach to persuasion.

Synonyms: argument, premise, syllogism, inference, deduction