Drill

Part of speech: verb, noun

Pronunciation: /dɹɪl/

Definitions

1. A tool with a rotating bit used to bore holes in materials ; a systematic exercise in precision and discipline for soldiers or performers ; to train someone by repetitive practice to improve skill or readiness
2. An instrument that spins a cutting or boring tip to create holes in wood, metal, or other substances ; a structured routine aimed at maintaining discipline in groups like the military ; to teach or improve abilities through continual and focused repetition
3. A device designed to rotate and penetrate surfaces by cutting ; a formalized exercise in marching or commands to develop coordination ; to subject a person or group to repeated training to reinforce knowledge or behavior

Etymology: The most striking thing about "drill" is how many unrelated words share its spelling. The tool sense comes from Middle Dutch "drillen," meaning "bore" or "move in a circle," and the same root gives the German "Rille," a small furrow. That sense is the one most people picture: a rotating bit boring into wood or stone. The military and training sense has a different and less certain history. It is related to "trill," and to German "trillen" and "drillen," which suggests a shared idea of repeated, turning motion. Early attestations of this sense predate the tool sense in English, which is an unusual order, but its exact origin remains unclear. Some of the same sources connect the word to a Middle English "drillen," meaning "to delay" or "put off," though where that came from is unknown. Then there is the fabric. "Drill" for a sturdy cotton or linen cloth comes from German "Drillich," the name of a twilled fabric, and is a separate word altogether. Its name was probably influenced by the Latin-derived "trilix," meaning "three-threaded," which described its weave.

Synonyms: bore, pierce, perforate, hollow out, puncture

Antonyms: fill, close, stop, plug, seal